【Common Diseases】Influenza
[Editor's In-Depth Analysis] A Complete Guide to Flu Treatment and Care in Hong Kong
What is the flu?
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus , commonly occurring in winter and early spring. According to the Hong Kong Department of Health, local influenza is generally divided into type A (A) and type B (B) . These are highly contagious, with a short incubation period (approximately 1 to 4 days), and can be spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact with contaminated objects.
Compared with the common cold, influenza symptoms are more sudden and severe, and are more likely to cause complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis, and even death, especially affecting high-risk groups.
Common flu symptoms in Hong Kong
- Sudden high fever (usually 38°C or above)
- Headache (can be quite severe)
- Muscle pain, joint pain
- extreme fatigue
- dry cough
- sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., vomiting and diarrhea in children)
The editor reminds:
Flu symptoms often come on quickly, with high fever and severe body aches, unlike the gradual onset of the common cold. If you suspect you have the flu, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Principles of influenza treatment
Influenza is a viral infection, and treatment goals are to:
- Relieve symptoms
- Shorten the course of disease
- Reduce the risk of complications
- Prevent spread to others
1. Antiviral drugs (Prescription Only)
Commonly used influenza antiviral drugs in Hong Kong include:
- Oseltamivir (trade name Tamiflu)
- Zanamivir (brand name Relenza)
Medical focus :
- Must be prescribed by a doctor.
- It is most effective when used within 48 hours of symptom onset, can shorten the course of the disease by about 1 to 2 days, and reduce the risk of complications.
- Suitable for high-risk groups (such as the elderly, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, infants and young children) and those with serious illnesses.
- For healthy adults with mild symptoms, doctors will decide whether to prescribe medication based on the situation.
Let me tell you:
Many people believe that Tamiflu can "cure" the flu. In fact, it only helps inhibit viral reproduction, giving the body a better chance to fight the virus. It is not a "miracle drug" in itself.
2. Symptomatic medication
- Antipyretic and analgesic drugs : such as acetaminophen (Paracetamol), which relieve fever, headache, and muscle aches.
- Cough suppressants and expectorants : Choose according to the type of cough.
- Antihistamines : Relieve runny nose and sneezing.
- Rehydration salts : prevent dehydration due to fever, sweating, and vomiting.
⚠️ Editor's reminder:
- Children and adolescents should not take aspirin when they have influenza to avoid the risk of Reye's syndrome.
- Patients with chronic illnesses should consult their doctor or pharmacist first to avoid drug interactions.
3. Home care
- Get more rest : Reduce your activities and stay home to avoid infecting others.
- Drink plenty of warm water or clear soup : This helps you stay hydrated and regulate your body temperature.
- Keep indoor air circulating : open windows or use an air purifier.
- Wear a mask : prevent droplets from spreading to your family.
- Separate dish towels : reduce cross infection.
Editor's suggestion:
If there are elderly people or children at home, ensure they have independent resting space and strengthen the cleaning of high-touch items (such as door handles, mobile phones, and remote controls).
Special attention to high-risk groups
The Hong Kong Department of Health lists the following high-risk groups, and those who develop flu symptoms should seek medical attention promptly:
- Seniors aged 65 or above
- Children under 6 years old
- Pregnant women
- People with chronic illnesses (such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma, kidney disease)
- People with weakened immune systems
- People who live in nursing homes or medical institutions for a long time
When should I seek medical attention immediately?
- Fever lasts for more than 3 days or returns after a fever subsides
- Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, chest pain
- Confusion, convulsions
- Severe vomiting and inability to eat or drink
- Symptoms worsen rapidly
Medical resources in Hong Kong
- Public hospital accident and emergency departments : handle serious cases or cases with complications.
- General Outpatient Clinic : Suitable for patients with mild symptoms or those who need a doctor's assessment and medication.
- Private clinics : Rapid access to diagnosis and prescription of antiviral medications.
- Department of Health website : provides the latest flu season data and vaccine information.
Editor's Tips for Preventing the Flu
- Get the flu vaccine : Hong Kong starts providing a new season of vaccines every autumn and recommends vaccination for high-risk groups and all citizens.
- Wash your hands frequently and properly (at least 20 seconds, using liquid soap).
- Cover your sneeze or cough with a tissue or your elbow.
- Avoid staying in crowded and poorly ventilated places for too long.
- Maintain healthy living habits and enhance immunity.
💡Editor 's Summary <br>The flu is not just a "common cold." It's more contagious and carries a higher risk of complications than you might think. In Hong Kong, rapid diagnosis and early use of antiviral medications are key to minimizing the impact of the flu. Combining home care and preventive measures not only speeds recovery but also protects those around you.
Disclaimer : This article is for reference only and does not constitute any medical advice. The source is referenced from major medical articles.
